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The Hungarian National Museum is said to have been founded in
1802 when Count Ferenc Széchényi set up the National Széchényi
Library. This would then be followed a year later by the donating of
a mineral collection by Széchényi’s wife. This led to the creation
of the Hungarian National Museum as being a natural history museum,
and not only a library. In 1807 the Hungarian National Parliament
passed legislation on the new institution and asked the nation to
help donate to the museum.
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The Hungarian Parliament of 1832- 1834 helped with the growth of the
museum as well. This parliament voted in favor of giving half a
million forint to help with the construction of a new building for
the museum. During this time the Hungarian National History Museum
was officially set up under the Hungarian National Museum. Later in
1846, the museum moved to its current location of VIII. Múzeum krt.
14-16. Here the museum resides in a neo-classical style building
designed by Mihály Pollack.
In 1848 the Hungarian National Museum played a major role in the
Hungarian Revolution. The Revolution was partially spurred by the
reading of Sándor Petőfi’s 12 points and the famous poem Nemzeti dal
on the front steps of the museum. This helped give the museum an
identification as a major national identity for Hungary. In
remembrance of the revolution two statues were added to the museum.
The first is a statue of János Arany which was unveiled in 1883.
Later in 1890 there was a statue next to the stairs of the museum of
a memorial tablet to Sándor Petőfi. In addition during this time the
Upper House of the parliament held its sessions in the Cereminial of
the museum. This continued until the new house of Parliament was
built. Today in remembrance festivities for National Commemorations
Day of 1848 are held in front of the museum.
In 1949 an act mandated that the ethnographic and natural history
part of the Hungarian National Museum had to split off of the main
museum. This also helped with the setting up of the modern day
National Széchényi Library. All of these separate museums are still
interconnected and other museums and monuments have become
affiliated with them over time. The most recent addition was the
Castle Museum in Esztergom that joined in 1985.
A Nemzeti Múzeum a XIX.
század közepén
A kép előterében szereplő Danubius-kút jelenleg az Erzsébet téren
látható
The building where the
Hungarian National Museum is currently located was built from
1837-1847. The style of the main building was laid out in a
neo-classical style and was added onto by other artists in the form
of statues, paintings and other architecture. The statues of the
Portico were done by Raffael Monti of Milan. One of these is a
famous statue of the allegoric figure of Hungary, holding a shield
with the Hungarian coat of arms on it. On the sides of this figure
there is Science on one and Art on the other. In addition the
paintings that have been in the staircase and on the ceiling since
1875 were done by Károly Lotz and Mór Than. There has also been a
garden that is used primarily for various concerts. Various artists
have performed here including Ferenc Liszt. Today the garden is the
venue of the Museum Festival.
Kép: Varga Máté
The Hungarian National
Museum has seven permanent displays. The History of Hungary from the
foundation of the state to 1990 Middle Ages is the first one that is
mentioned. This display covers topics such as the age of the Arpads,
the Turkish Age, Transylvania and the royal Hungary, etc.
The Museum also covers Modern and Contemporary History. The history
section here begins with the Rákóczi War of Independence, in the
display it shows different sections of his military attire and
various coins. The history section then ends with the rise and fall
of the communist system in Hungary where the various politics are
looked at. In another hall on the second floor one can find out
about the Scholar Hungarians who made the twentieth century.
On one side of the first floor there is the exhibit: On the
East-West frontier: History of the people of the Hungarian lands
from 400,000 BC to 804 AD. This section then goes to look at various
time periods between the Paleolithic period and the Avars. On the
other side of the first floor is the Hungarian coronation mantle.
The ground floor’s permanent exhibit is focused on Medieval and
Early Modern Lapidary. This exhibit looks at various stone relics
and the carvings that have been made into them. The majority of the
items in this collection were discovered during the 60’s and 70’s
since they looked for more relics post World War II.
The final permanent exhibit is placed in the basement of the museum.
This is the Roman Lapidary exhibit, which is a collection of old
roman stones. These are mainly inscribed and carved and have some
reference to Hungarian history.
Arany János szobra a
múzeum előtti parkban
(kép: Varga Máté)
A Nemzeti Múzeum
madártávlatból
(kép: Civertan.hu) |
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Data |
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 Designer:
Polack Mihály
Year
of construction: 1847
Style:
classical
Funktion:
museum
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Kálvin tér |
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M3 |
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Kálvin tér |
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Múzeum körút |
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