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Matthias Church is a church located in Budapest, Hungary, at the heart of Buda's Castle District. According to church tradition, it was originally built in Romanesque style in 1015. The current building was constructed in the florid late Gothic style in the second half of the 14th century and was extensively restored in the late 19th century. It was the second largest church of medieval Buda and the seventh largest church of medieval Hungarian Kingdom.

Festő és portékája a templom mellett

Kút a festő és a Halászbástya között

A templom makettje gyengén látóknak Braille-írással ellátva

Officially named as the Church of Our Lady, it has been popularly named after king Matthias, who ordered the transformation of its original southern tower. In many respects, the 700 year history of the church serves as a symbol (or perhaps a reminder for Hungarians) of the city's rich, yet often tragic history. Not only was the church the scene of several coronations, including that of Charles IV in 1916 (the last Habsburg king), it was also the site for King Matthias' two weddings (the first to Catherine of Podiebrad and, after her death, to Beatrice of Aragon).

During the century and a half of Turkish occupation, the vast majority of its ecclesiastical treasures were shipped to Pressburg (present day Bratislava) and following the capture of Buda in 1541 the church became the city's main mosque. Ornate frescoes that previously adorned the walls of the building were whitewashed and interior furnishings stripped out.

The church was also a place of the so called Mary-wonder. In 1686 during the siege of Buda by the Holy League a wall of the church collapsed due to cannonfire. It turned out that an old votive Madonna statue was hidden behind the wall. As the sculpture of the Virgin Mary appeared before the praying Muslims, the morale of the garrison collapsed and the city fell on the same day.

Although following Turkish expulsion in 1686 an attempt was made to restore the church in the Baroque style, historical evidence shows that the work was largely unsatisfactory. It was not until the great architectural boom towards the end of the 19th century that the building regained much of its former splendour. The architect responsible for this work was Frigyes Schulek.

Not only was the church restored to its original 13th century plan but a number of early original Gothic elements were uncovered. By also adding new motifs of his own (such as the diamond pattern roof tiles and gargoyles laden spire) Schulek ensured that the work, when finished, would be highly controversial. Today however, Schulek's restoration provides visitors with one of the most prominent and characteristic features of Budapest's cityscape.

Inside, visitors tend to head straight for the Ecclesiastical Art museum which begins in the medieval crypt and leads up to the St. Stephen Chapel. The gallery contains a number of sacred relics and medieval stone carvings, along with replicas of the Hungarian royal crown and coronation jewels.

Villard de Honnecourt
The church was first suspected builder

 Detailed history of the church

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The Hill of excavations carried out under a long time were of the opinion that before the Mongol invasion there was no major settlements in this area. Laszlo Zolnay research, however, was a Dominican monastery and the palace's west lobby proves the opposite. It also found traces of which are former homes of destruction by fire of interest. These fires may be a consequence of the Mongol attack. Catherine Gyürky assumed that this early settlement in the Dominican church of the Church stood in the place.

The first mention of Mary's church dates back to 1247. The following year IV. Pope Innocent again Buda Újhegy Church of the Virgin Mary speaks ("ecclesia Beate Marie de Monte Novo Budensi"). These data may be applicable in the two early Gyürky assumed by the Church, which - if it really existed - not built in a contemporary Mary's Church site, because a later stage and Frederick Schulek to any excavation carried out by the history of the place was not found.

This is still unresolved is the uncertainty over IV. Bela certified diploma issued in 1255, a church belonging to the royal kegyurasághoz desks saying: "jus-tus Patrona, quod in ecclesia Sanctae Mariae in ipso construenda Castro, nobis, utpote vero pat-competebat Ronon. " He also in 1269 the Virgin Mary newly built church is mentioned: "ecclesia Beate Marie Virginis in Monte Budensi noviter fabricata". The MSc in contemporary sources suggest that the essence of the church was built between 1255 and 1269. The dating of the structural and formal studies confirm everything.

The first church in the form of three-nave basilica was álkereszthajós. Főszentélye tizennégyszög half closed the regular, straight from the mellékszentélyek ended. Since the north transept and south wings do not extend beyond the side line, this arrangement may be held álkereszthajónak. The west facade of the side towers highlighted the strong axis.

The church is the remains of the earliest works in this era, a former stonemason and later a workshop demonstrating the operation. Since 1250, the columns made of limestone ornament. The sandstone was then used as stonecutters. The north tower on the ground floor and vault human monsters appear.

XIII. quarter from the third century church structure in installments, first in northern French gothic aligned, and plenty of elements contained in Burgundy.

Joseph Csemegi researchers compared the floor plan of the church of St. John Mary's Church ground plan, which has discovered many similarities. According to the Hungarian designer Mary's Church Honnecourt de Villard, who was the thirteenth. century, traveled to Hungary, even (Gerevich Laszlo research) well before the Mongol invasion. The church of Virgin Mary resemblance to the IV. Bela Margaret Dominican nuns monastery was built at the time as well.

In 1309, Charles Robert was crowned King of Hungary in the first church of the Virgin Mary. Thus was the church used by the Germans in the XIV. century, early events in locations nationwide. The Hungarians in the northern part of Buda on Magdalen's church was used in which the autonomy of the Church of the Virgin Mary did not recognize, the debate only in 1390 has been finalized.

Towards the end of the reign of King Louis the Great begun reconstruction of the basilica hall layout. Around 1370 opened a new door on the southwest side. The ornamental gate, relief showing the death of Mary Mary's gate because the gate was named after. Since the gate door was not, it is assumed that preceded the entrance foyer.

HIRDETÉS

Designer: Villard de Honecourt  Year of Construction:    1015, 1250, 1350, 1702, 1723,    1874-1896 (Schulek Frigyes)  Style: gothic, neo-gothic  Function: church

	Szentháromság tér

Church in the district  Statue of St. Stephen  Fisherman's Bastion  Hole Trinity Statue  The National Archives  Walk in the Buda Castle

Wikipédia: Schulek Frigyes

HIRDETÉS

1384 in the south tower came down the church, which has been Windecke Chronicle reported in detail. The description by the church during the reconstruction of the structure have caused the error which led to the collapses.

The church marked the company's Prague Parle impact: the likely stone-masons were invited by the Hungarian King Sigismund of Buda. The expansion of the Virgin Mary church supported the king, and thus the hands of stonecutters in Prague also discovered traces of it.

The church is a reconstruction of time Ellenpeck John - who in 1406 was warden of the church - a chapel built on the south side of the temple, whose walls Schulek Frederick also found during the last reconstruction. The Chapel is the first data is from 1433, according to which the builder of the chapel is no longer alive, but Ellenpeck John was a church warden in 1406.

Palatine Garai Miklós - a charter that was written in 1461 - the north side of the chapel was erected in the church, which then bears the coats of arms, Palatine, inscribed tomb. Frederick Schulek szintúgy found that some form of carved stone.

In 1443 Buda's management letter to the management of the City of Vienna writes that the church is sending the wrong timber and tile roof repair Buda.

The last medieval construction during the reign of Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary took place: Around 1460 the church side of the oratory was built, then the south tower had fallen restored to the fourth floor of King Matthias crest height was 1470 the year observed.

Schedel "Liber chronicanum" View of Buda's book also shows the truncated tower (picture above), but shows completed in the southern oratory. The Chronicle is a drawing of the reconstruction of the south tower before been made in the 1460s.

The church was built on the south side is a chapel where John Ernuszt Slavonian Ban wanted to be buried, but it did not come true. Testament made in 1476 writes about it.

Due to the construction work from the end of the century used the name of the church today, such as Matthias Church. In subsequent times, the church is almost always the scene of events nationwide. Buda is now the largest center of Royal Hungary.

Has become a habit, it is important that the emblems and flags of the winning campaigns placed in the church. So here were captured by King Sigismund the Venetian flags, and several other Matthias gained by Moldavian military flags and other emblems as well.

King Matthias had both a church wedding.

In 1526 the Hungarian army lost the battle against the Turkish army Mohács, so the church treasures shipped to Pozsony (now Bratislava). Buda from the Turks burned the city with which the church was burnt down. Later the church was converted into a mosque: the walls are painted, the chapels were demolished, the equipment is slowly destroyed.

The recapture of Buda in 1686, the church is fortunately not injured. The building was restored and from the north wall of the college, the southern wall of the monastery attached. The Jesuits were in the church.

In 1712 he returned to Bratislava treasures have not been granted the Jesuits, but was under the jurisdiction of the city.

In 1723 a large fire caused severe damage to the Buda side. The walls are cracked, the west wall collapsed. A renovation in 1748 after a lightning strike damaged due to the high altar, so it had to be demolished. 1758 Baroque high altar was replaced.

In 1778, the church moved to the city to the leadership of jezsuitáktól and II in 1785. Joseph Habsburg monarch regulation of the former church treasures auctioned. From this treasure remained only two chalice that other churches were kölcsönadva. Though they are soon returned to the church property, but they also disappeared in 1945 during the siege.

1862 was placed at the temple, III. King Bela's wife dead, and then in 1867 the church crowned Habsburg Emperor Franz Joseph and Empress Elisabeth. In 1870, the church has been placed in the 48-bit flag, which was used in the coronation.

Since 1872, the Church has begun to restore the life of the largest, led by architect Frederick Schulek. The architect was faced with great difficulties of this task. The country's most famous and important church of rich historical and artistic history of subtle and specific demands on often conflicting, since a number of important modifications to the building, modification, destruction and even fell over. Important consequence of these structural and formal elements have disappeared, changed later to the more recent interventions in the wake of that era dictated.

The Turkish conquest, the church has changed less, but in the eighteenth. century, significant changes occurred when the Jesuits in the Gothic church with a baroque building is pushed to one. The old facade hiding a large part of this, the medieval walled up the windows and doors.

The reconstruction was to be carried out with the operation of the building to meet the requirements of today's entertainment. The plans developed gradually. First, just the street facade and the reconstruction of the south tower is planned. The research has increasingly emerged in the memories of old times, it has always been more and more plans.

Prestigious architects also contributed to the plans, and soon realized that no parts to renovate the temple, but the whole church, which thus form a coherent picture.

The first plan for the adoption of a number of old would have entailed the disappearance of ornament, and envisaged the construction of the north tower. The second plan has already been reported, leaving the interior and exterior decorations, but it would have been much difference in the building to the street facade XIII. century, the interior and XV. century form was received.

During the renovation of the baroque buildings built by the Jesuits were demolished, by which the church became free again. The breakdown by a number of medieval detail emerged: they found the gates of the original and the west rose window above it in one installment. They are sharing agreement by a full recovery.

The various plans for renovation of church

The fifth level of the south tower proved to be genuine, based on traces of the spiral staircase has been restored. The dual-gate southwestern original carvings also became visible, and then found Schulek - doors because the doors were not - had to be a rectangular foyer.

The south gate was discovered by finding a trainer with medieval chapel walls and windows, sculptures, carvings and shrines also masonry.

The old gate of Mary
The Jesuits walled, Schulek freed

Schulek the south tower of the lower two levels broken down, and then built it back to its original shape. His helmet was designed for this stone. The old stairs and the tower and main gate of the West carved entirely new one. The western half of the old sacristy of the royal oratory staircase was a shrine chapel and Garai's ship in the eastern half of its own design and Schulek housed in the chapel of St. Stephen. The demolished part of a northern Gothic sanctuary of the chapter's newly designed to occupy the sacristy.

The church interior structural form has changed little, and where possible, an exact copy of the original decorations were damaged. The vault of the original shrine was demolished, and all those under the old state was rebuilt. E falfestésből found sanctuary from the church were painted in other parts. XVIII. Schulek century device is removed, and replaced his own design based on neo-Gothic altars, pulpit furniture and inhabited a vast space. Today, Mary's Gate and its immediate surroundings than a tiny fraction of the original surface is not visible throughout the building. All appear to be new, despite the fact that Schulek tried to remain credible.

The recovery plan drawing of the church, 1878.
(Rohn Alajos rajza)

Az átépítés 1890-ben

XIX. end of the century, major restorative work Schulek Frederick Matthias Church in a number of original, mostly replacing damaged carvings. The original cuts were the largest part of the city's museum. Unfortunately, replacement of the original pillars and carvings on many of the lost. Plaster at the Technical University and the College of Fine Arts have been.

The temple murals of the 1890s were made. The work of Bertalan Székely and Károly Lotz painters were asked in 1892, and the construction of 5 years was available.

1898th took place on October 21 III. Bela and his wife, Anna, the final disposal of the bodies of the north chapel was built for them. The ornate sarcophagus of the original attachments as well put it: the king and queen silver crown, silver-edged sword, the silver sarkantyúkat, two silver bracelets, a gold ring and an Arabic inscription gold ring, a silver scepter and the remains of the queen's veil.

This great historical value, XII. century objects from the end of 1970, the Hungarian National Museum exhibition of took over, and were replaced by copies.

The Church in 1945

In 1916, the Matthias Church crowned IV. Charles. Between 1936-44 the church was the renewal of maintenance by Schulek John (son of Frederick Schulek) led. The work just completed, when the winter of 1944-45, the capital city during the siege of the building incurred serious damage.

The church roof and the vault of the south is completely destroyed, the church beázott, the painting is almost completely destroyed. The entire renovation was completed in 1954. In 1963, the museum returned two statues that are placed on the facade.

The most recent complete renovation of the church took place between 2009-2011.
Then the tower is re-tuned bells, and also received two new bells.

The church renovation in 2009